Shugart, H.H. 2001. Ecological succession. Pp. 541-552 in Encyclopedia of Biodiversity. Volume 5, ed. S.A. Levin. New York: Academic Press.

Shugart, H.H. 2001. Forest gap models. In: Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change. Volume 2: The Earth System: Biological and Ecological Dimensions of Global Environmental Change, ed. R.M. May. London: Wiley Books.

Shugart, H.H., N.H.F. French, J.J. Slawski, E.S. Kasischke, C.W. Dull, R.A. Shuchman and J. Mwangi. 2001. Using classified national systems to monitor CO2-induced vegetation change. Global Change Biology 7:247-252.

Cao, M., Q. Zhang and H.H. Shugart. 2001. Dynamic responses of African ecosystem carbon cycling to climate change. Climate Research 17:183-193.

Gu, L., J.D. Fuentes, M. Garstang, J. Tota, R, Heitz, J. Sigler and H.H. Shugart. 2001. Cloud modulation of surface solar irradiance at a pasture site in southern Brazil. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 106:117-129.

Shao, G., H.H. Shugart and H. Bugmann. 2001. Suggestions for biometrical improvements in forest gap models. Journal of Mathematical Modeling and Scientific Computing 13:239-248.

Dowty, P., K. Caylor, H. H. Shugart, and W. R. Emanuel. 2000. Approaches for the estimation of primary productivity and vegetation structure in the Kalahari region. Pages 287-304 in S. Ringrose and R. Chanda, eds., Towards Sustainable Management in the Kalahari Region. University of Botswana, Gabarone, Botswana.

Gu, L., J.D. Fuentes, M. Garstang, J. Tota, R. Heitz, J. Sigler, and H.H. Shugart. 2000. Cloud modulation of surface solar irradiance at a pasture site in southern Brazil. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 106:117-129.

Gu, L., J.D. Fuentes, H.H. Shugart and R.J. Swap. 2000. Increases in cloudiness and aerosol concentration enhance vegetation photosynthesis. Geophysical Research Letters 104:D24: 31421-31434.

Kirwan, J.L. and H.H. Shugart. 2000. Vegetation and two indices of fire on the Delmarva Peninsula. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 127:44-50.

Shugart, H.H. 2000. The importance of structure in the longer-term dynamics of ecosystems. Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres 105:20065-20075.

Shugart, H.H., L.L. Bourgeau-Chavez and E.S. Kasischke. 2000. Determination of stand properties in boreal and temperate forests using high-resolution photography and satellite imagery. Forest Science 46:478-486.

Shugart, H.H. 2000. Ecosystem Modeling. Pages 371-388 in O.E. Sala, H.A. Mooney, R. Jackson and R.W. Howarth, eds., Methods in Ecosystem Science. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Shugart, H.H., D.F. Clark, and A.J. Hill. 2000. Ecological models of the dynamics of boreal landscapes. Pages 389-405 in E.S. Kaisischke and B. Stocks, eds., Fire in Boreal Forests. Springer Verlag, New York.

Yan, X., C. Fu, and H.H. Shugart. 2000. Simulating the effects of climate changes on Xiaoxing'an Mountain forests. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica 24:312-326.

Cramer, W., H.H. Shugart, I. Noble, F.I. Woodward, H. Bugmann, A. Bondeau, J.A. Foley, R.R Gardner, W.K. Lauenroth, L.F. Pitelka and R.W. Sutherst. 1999. Ecosystem Composition and Structure (pages 190-228). In: B.H. Walker, W.L. Steffen, J. Canadell and J.S.I. Ingram (eds.). The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change: Implications for Natural and Managed Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Goudriaan, J., H.H. Shugart, H. Bugmann, W. Cramer, A. Bondeau, R.A. Gardner, L.A. Hunt, W.K. Lauenroth, J.J. Landsberg, S. Linder, I.R. Noble, W.J. Parton, L.F. Pitelka, M. Stafford Smith, R.W. Sutherst, C. Valentin, and F.I. Woodward. 1999. Use of Models in Global Change Studies (pages 106-140). In: B.H. Walker, W.L. Steffen, J. Canadell and J.S.I. Ingram (eds.). The Terrestrial Biosphere and Global Change: Implications for Natural and Managed Ecosystems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

Gu, L., H.H. Shugart. J.D. Fuentes, T.A. Black and S.R. Shewchuk. 1999. Micrometeorology, biophysical exchanges and NEE decomposition in a two story boreal forest: Development and test of an integrated model. Agricultural and Forest Meterology 94:123-148.

Gu, L., J.D. Fuentes, H.H. Shugart, R.M. Staebler and T.A. Black. 1999. Responses of net ecosystem exchanges of carbon dioxide to exchanges in cloudiness: Results from two North American deciduous forests. Journal of Geophysical Research 104:D24:31,421-31,434.

Hobbie, E.A., S.A. Macko and H.H. Shugart. 1999. Insights into nitrogen and carbon dynamics of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi from isotopic evidence. Oecologia 118:353-360.

Hobbie EA., S.A. Macko and H.H. Shugart. 1999. Interpretation of nitrogen isotope signatures using the NIFTE model. Oecologia. 120:405-415.

Kasischke, E.S., K. Bergen, R. Fennimore, F Sotelo, G. Sephens, A. Janetos and H.H. Shugart. 1999. Satellite imagery gives clear picture of Russia's boreal forest fires. EOS, Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 80:141 and 147.

Kasischke, E.S., K. Bergen, R. Fennimore, F. Sotelo, G. Stephens, A. Janetos and H.H. Shugart. 1999. Satellite Imagery gives clear picture of Russia's boreal forest fires. Earth in Space 11:10-14.

Lugo, A.E., S.L. Brown, R. Dodson, T.M. Smith and H.H. Shugart. 1999. The Holdridge Life Zones of the conterminous United States in relation to ecosystem mapping. Journal of Biogeography 26:1025-1038.

Shugart, H.H. 1999. Equilibrium versus Nonequilibrium Landscapes (pp.18-22). In: J.A. Wiens and M.R. Moss (eds.). Issues in Landscape Ecology. International Association of Landscape Ecology, Guelph, Ontario.

Shugart, H.H. 1998. Terrestrial Ecosystems in Changing Environments. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 537 pp.

Smith, T.M., H.H. Shugart and F.I. Woodward (eds.). 1997. Plant Functional Types: Their Relevance to Ecosystem Properties and Global Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 369 pp.

Shugart, H.H. and T.M. Smith. 1996. A review of forest patch models and their application to global change research. Climatic Change 34:131-153.

Shugart, H.H., W.R. Emanuel and G. Shao. 1996. Models of forest structure for conditions of climatic change. Commonwealth Forestry Review 75:51-64.

Shao, G., H.H. Shugart and T.M. Smith. 1996. A role-type model (ROPE) and its application in assessing climate change impacts on forest landscapes. Vegetation 121:135-146.